Friday, December 27, 2019

The Main Goal Of Construction Industry - 1024 Words

16-Quality Management- The main goal of construction industry is to ensure that construction projects are successfully completed within the constraints of best quality, stated period and with minimum cost possible. The principle objective of construction industry is to guarantee that development ventures are effectively finished inside the limitations of best quality, expressed period and with least cost conceivable. With Quality Management, the processes and initiatives that produce products or services can be fully managed. In this process variations are minimized, so the end product or the service will achieve a desired quality. Quality Management System (QMS) A Quality Management System gives a structure, including documentation and procedures, which empowers the conveyance of products and services to be controlled and managed to meet the predefined requirements consistently. The degree and subtle element of the documentation and procedures incorporated into an administration supplier s Quality Management System would be resolved to suit the items, administrations, practices and attributes of the administration supplier, its clients necessities, and the requirements of its work force and its own service providers. Establishing and implementation of a Quality Management System includes: -Identifying the zones and surveying the related level (probability and effect) of risk of products and services not accommodating with the predetermined prerequisitesShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Digital Fabrication On The Construction Industry899 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Digital fabrication is transforming the construction industry, allowing architects to create precisely crafted and complex buildings in response to the new competitive environment and demands the construction market. Thanks to advances in technology, the digital revolution can be seen in most industrial activities. Almost all of the industry sectors are trying to keep up with new technologies to boost revenues. However, architects and construction engineers have been more conservative when itRead MoreRelationship Between Construction And Construction1208 Words   |  5 PagesRelationships in Construction. (1) 2.2 explain how to instruct people about work activities in an appropriate level of detail and with an appropriate degree of urgency. The instruction given to workers on site depends on the phase of the project. According to the Construction Industry Council, the use of simplified methodology must be used to communicate and instruct during construction process. We must ensure workers have enough guidance as they undertake the instructions (Construction Industry CouncilRead MoreThe Agenda For Change Of Construction1587 Words   |  7 PagesTitle : The Agenda for Change in Construction Summary: The study of New British Library and B.P’s Andrews field development had different approaches in the way the construction was planned. The two projects started their construction work at the same time and had same financial status. Although both the projects was constructed on same time, the New British library was the failure due to the over budget and lack of management leading to many delays during the construction.In the project they didRead MoreThe Necessities Of Developing Green Construction Project Management1261 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping green construction project management With the continuous deterioration of the global environment and increasingly serious ecological problems, it is imperative to promote the sustainable development of the earth. The high speed economic development and urbanization promote the rapid development of construction industry, expand the industrial scale, upgrade the industrial structure, and enhance the project quality. Promoting the sustainable development of construction industry in line withRead MoreDamping Effects Of The Passive Control Devices On Structural Vibration Control949 Words   |  4 PagesFuture research 1. Usage of fluorogypsum-based material as a substitute of reinforced concrete This research aims at developing a low-cost fluorogypsum-based material with an appropriate composition of fluorogypsum and pozzolanic materials for construction application. My recent research on this topic resulted in a high-strength concrete-like system that could be used as a direct substitute of concrete. However, to ensure the applicability of the material for reinforced concrete in different conditionsRead MoreE Procurement : An Objective Of Traditional Construction Industry Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesand buyer which includes bids, question and answers. In Europe, most of the construction industry are practicing e-tendering. E tendering process finds and selects the supplier. E purchasing is also a part of e procurement. In this process system complete from finding the product, works, services and utilities to invoicing and payment by electronic means. Background Construction industry is the second largest industry in the USA with $3.4 trillion annually. E business gained ground globally inRead MoreFactors Affecting The Construction Industry1451 Words   |  6 Pages Factor Analysis of Causes of Delay in the U.S Construction Industry Mohammadsoroush Tafazzoli, LEED AP University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada Delay in completion of construction projects is one of most common issues of the construction industry. Despite the considerable negative consequences of this phenomenon and attempts to control it, due to various complexities, delays are still hard to predict and control. The fundamental step to control the risk of delays, is studying theirRead MoreEgan Report - Has the Construction Industry Met Its Goals?1721 Words   |  7 PagesEgan Report - Has the construction industry met its goals? This essay is written in particular reference to the emerging use of BIM software solutions. Sir John Egan made several remarks based on the findings of his original report in 1998 and the progress of the construction industry in the 10 years since in his 2008 address. The purpose of this essay is to look at some of the main points raised by Egan in his 2008 address and evaluate their relevance with regard to the structure and practicesRead MoreLack Of Interoperability And Information Models1025 Words   |  5 Pagescollaborating firms. In construction industry, lack of interoperability always makes the team members unable to exchange data from different software and platforms. The lack of interoperability is mainly because that different tools and platforms cannot pass information seamlessly among themselves and hence prevent effective information exchange and collaborating among every team member. The main impacts brought by the lack of interoperability is it can drive up the costs. The main drivers of increasingRead MoreA Brief Note On Barriers Faced By Women During Construction Industry981 Words   |  4 Pageswomen in the construction industry with a view to evaluate the existing and current theory, policy, and practice. Through the literature review, the major barriers to women in construction such as the image of the industry, career knowledge, workplace culture and environment and family commitments will be examined along with other possible barriers. The relevant policies and best practice guideline promoting gender equality and offering better opportunities for women in construction and the extent

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Marketing Plan - 2282 Words

MARKETING PLAN FOR THE PRODUCT MALUNGGAY SIOPAO AND MALUNGGAY SIOMAI I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY II. MARKET ANALYSIS A. Market Statistics B. Market Trends C. Customer Segments III. COMPANY ANALYSIS A. Company Profile B. Tangible Assets C. Intangible Assets D. Capabilities E. Areas of Advantage F. Key Success Factors amp; Weakness IV. OBJECTIVES A. Financial B. Non-Financial V. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING amp; POSITIONING A. Target Market B. Functional, Emotional, amp; Self- Expressive Benefits C. Price VI. MARKETING STRATEGY A. Positioning B. Product/Service Attributes C. Distribution D. Promotion E. Price F. People VII. BUDGET†¦show more content†¦Wage workers and laborers, Students, and Classes C,D and E markets, both Males and Females. III. COMPANY ANALYSIS COMPANY PROFILE Queen Dimsum is owned and operated by QRG Corporation a commissary which has been supplying dimsum to institutional clients for over 5 years now. We supply to Hotels, Restaurants, and Franchise food carts and on 2011 we have ventured into the franchise food business with the brands Queen Siomai and Queen Fry. Years in the industry : 5 Current franchisees : 18 Location of franchisees: QC, Cavite, Laguna, amp; MRT stations. MISSION STATEMENT To be the country’s leading food cart franchise business and to be the leader in providing innovative, high quality and healthy dimsum products. We are devoted to manufacturing only the best tasting dimsum in the country. All of our products shall be delivered consistently and provide excellent customer satisfaction at a time, whether by company-owned or franchised operations, in superior, clean fun and friendly neighborhood environments. VISION STATEMENT To be an inspiration to aspiring entrepreneurs who would like to have their own business with limited time, capital and resources by providing them with an easy to operate food cart. We manufacture and develop high quality food product solution for the fast growing food industry through innovative and creative product development. We will achieve this through: * Godliness * FamilyShow MoreRelatedA Marketing Plan For A New Marketing Strategy966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe governmental legal requirements and, on the other hand, defines the organization’s policy administration. For a triumphant marketing plan, understanding the government legal approaches allows for efficient operation and inter-relationship with other organization. Similarly, internal legal policies allow the company to uphold its operation in a set manner. 4.0: Marketing Audit A market audit process is a tool that can never be neglected despite the situation. However, very few companies carryRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Small Business2998 Words   |  12 Pagesin detail. †¢ The benefits of TQM when implementing the strategic plan to meet goals or increasing profit within a small business. †¢ The economy’s motivation of small businesses stability as compared to large businesses that are well established, also the financial assistance of other organization including the government. †¢ Different categories of a company and the importance of CRM to any size business. †¢ To compare the marketing plan of a small business and a large business where it reflects theRead MoreMarketing Plan827 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Business Environment Marketing Planning: An Overview of Marketing 6 main questions to ask in order to create your marketing plan: 1. Where are we now? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 2. How did we get here? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead MoreMarketing Plan3248 Words   |  13 PagesSAMPLE MARKETING PLAN The following pages contain an annotated sample marketing plan for Blue Sky Clothing. At some point in your career, you will likely be involved in writing—or at least contributing to –a marketing plan. And you’ll certainly read many marketing plans throughout your business career. Keep in mind that the plan for Blue Sky is a single example; no one format is used by all companies. Also, the Blue Sky plan has been somewhat condensed to make it easier to annotate and illustrateRead MoreMarketing Plan4753 Words   |  20 Pagesresponsible firm by highlighting its products based on ecotourism, community tourism and sustainable tourism. 2. Situation Analysis Blaze Mountain travels and Tours has been operating for several years now. The trips have been well received, and marketing is now critical to its continued success and future profitability. Blaze Mountain travels and tours offer concepts like ecotourism and sustainable tourism to older tourists and hard adventure trips to the student tourists. This target market appreciatesRead MoreMarketing Plan3688 Words   |  15 PagesSITUATION ANALYSIS The marketing environment for LIMCOMA represents overwhelming opportunities. It also contains some challenges that the firm believes it can meet successfully. An illustration below shows a SWOT analysis of the company to highlight LIMCOMA’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths LIMCOMA’S dedicated founders understand the target market and products. LIMCOMA has achieved distribution in several markets with quick acceptance The firm has a very littleRead MoreMarketing Plan3847 Words   |  16 PagesA marketing plan is a comprehensive blueprint which outlines an organization s overall marketing efforts. A marketing process can be realized by the marketing mix, which is outlined in step 4. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. The marketing plan can function from two points: strategy and tactics (P. Kotler, K.L. Keller). In most organizations, strategic planning is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look atRead MoreMarketing Planning : The Marketing Plan Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesTo attract mixed segment ther is need to marketing planning is indeed the key to the whole marketing process. The marketing objectives state just where the company intends to be; at some specific time in the future. James Quinn succinctly defined objectives in general as: Goals state what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but they do not state how the results are to be achieved. They typically relate to what products will be where in what market. They are essentiallyRead MoreMarketing Plan For Subway Marketing1516 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive summary The marketing plan has close ties with the overall financial and business plan. This plan contents a strategy for success, and breaks it down into coherent, actionable components that will aid The Sub Shop to implement marketing activities to provide a firm return on investment. The following areas will help explain how the company plans to differentiate the business and product offering from the competition, and define the strategy that will drive its business forward. The aimRead MoreMarketing Plan1891 Words   |  8 Pagesa breakeven point in the second year after opening the store and become profitable in the third year of being in this business. In the first year, our profits will be low, due to low sales and high distribution, inventory, marketing and advertising and sales expenses. Marketing expenses will be very high in the first year. We have to inform the customers about this new product and get the consumers to try out this new concept. It will take â€Å"Just passin’ Thru† some time to build up the customer base

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Prostitution in Las Vegas free essay sample

Prostitution is definitely illegal in the city of Las Vegas, but a number of counties in Nevada have legalized the world’s oldest profession. So legal prostitution is only about 60 miles outside of Sin City. But of course, Las Vegas has far more than its fair share of prostitutes working within the city, so if you are willing to take the risk and you know where to look, you should have no problem finding one, or at least someone who wants your money. Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return for payment.People who execute such activities are called prostitutes. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country, from being a punishable crime to a regulated profession. Estimates place the annual revenue generated from the global prostitution industry to be over 0 billion. We will write a custom essay sample on Prostitution in Las Vegas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are around 30 legal brothels operating in Nevada at the moment, and the majority of them are in the northern part of the state near Reno and Carson City.The giant Nye County just north of Las Vegas has fewer than 50,000 residents, so they have to deal with this issue a little more than other residents. There are other ways to make money other than to sell yourself to some desperate person who you probably won’t ever see again. They are out there and easy to find. If you look like you’ve got a lot of money and are looking for a good time, a girl might find you if you hang out in one of the hotel bars. There are both legal and illegal prostitution in Las Vegas. More than in most other American cities, prostitution is tolerated in Las Vegas, for the most part.But that isn’t to say there aren’t risks involved, because there definitely are. Mixed in with the honest prostitutes are plenty of people whose main goal is taking advantage of a tourist that is knowingly entering in to an illegal transaction, and will have no recourse when things don’t turn out the way they hope. It’s hard to say what one’s chances of being hustled are. Chances are the girl won’t look nearly as good as in the photo ad, but chances are also pretty good that she’ll show up when you call and will be ready to perform in exchange for your money.If you get ripped off using one of these services they know you can’t report them to the police, so it’s up to you to be careful and take your chances if this interests you. Weather prostitution is legal or illegal, it’s still unethical. It’s just not right and to sell yourself to make a profit says a lot about your character and what type of person you are. You should always have some sort of self-respect and honestly, if you prostitute, you have no self-respect.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Words Used to Describe Someones Voice Essay Example

Words Used to Describe Someones Voice Paper Adenoidal Adjective if someones voice is adenoidal, some of the sound seems to come through their nose appealing adjective an appealing look, voice etc shows that you want help, approval, or agreement breathy adjective with loud breathing noises brittle adjective if you speak in a brittle voice, you sound as if you are about to cry croaky adjective if someones voice sounds croaky, they speak in a low rough voice that sounds as if they have a sore throat dead adjective if someones eyes are dead, or if their voice is dead, they feel or show no emotion disembodied adjective a disembodied voice comes from someone who you cannot see lat adjective spoken in a voice that does not go up and down. This word is often used for describing the speech of people from a particular region. ruity adjective a fruity voice or laugh is deep and strong in a pleasant way grating adjective a grating voice, laugh, or sound is unpleasant and annoying gravelly adjective a gravelly voice sounds low and rough gruff adjective a gruff voice has a rough low sound guttural adjective a guttural sound is deep and made at the back of your throat high-pitched adjective hoarse adjective someone who is hoarse or has a hoarse voice speaks in a low rough voice, usually ecause their throat is sore honeyed adjective honeyed words or a honeyed voice sound very nice but you cannot trust the person who is speaking husky adjective a husky voice is deep and sounds hoarse (=as if you have a sore throat), often in an attractive way low adjective a low voice or sound is quiet and difficult to hear used for describing a deep voice or a sound that has a long wavelength low adverb in a deep voice, or with a deep sound ma tter-of-fact adjective used about someones behaviour or voice modulated adjective a modulated voice is controlled and pleasant to listen to monotonous adjective monotonous sound or voice is boring and unpleasant because it does not change in loudness or become higher or lower nasal adjective someone with a nasal voice sounds as if they are speaking through their nose orotund adjective an orotund voice is loud and clear penetrating adjective a penetrating voice or sound is so high or loud that it makes you slightly uncomfortable plummy adjective a plummy voice or way of speaking is considered to be typical of an English person of a high social class. We will write a custom essay sample on Words Used to Describe Someones Voice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Words Used to Describe Someones Voice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Words Used to Describe Someones Voice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This word shows that you dislike people who speak like this. n a quiet voice raucous adjective raucous voice or noise is loud and sounds rough ringing adjective a ringing sound or voice is very loud and clear rough adjective a rough voice is not soft and is unpleasant to listen to shrill adjective a shrill noise or voice is very loud, high, and unpleasant silvery adjective a silvery voice or sound is clear, light, and pleasant singsong adjective if you speak in a singsong voice, your voice rises and falls in a musical way small adjective a small voice or sound is quiet smoky adjective a smoky voice or smoky eyes are sexually attractive in a slightly mysterious way softly spoken adjective omeone who is softly spoken has a quiet gentle voice soft-spoken adjective speaking or said in a quiet gentle voice sotto voce adjective, adverb in a very quiet voice stentorian adjective a stentorian voice sounds very loud and severe strangled adjective a strangled sound is one that someone stops be fore they finish making it strangulated adjective strangled strident adjective taut adjective used about something such as a voice or expression that shows someone is nervous or angry thick adjective if your voice is thick with an emotion, it sounds less clear than usual because of the emotion hickly adverb with a low voice that comes mostly from your throat thin adjective a thin voice or sound is high and unpleasant to listen to throaty adjective a throaty sound is low and seems to come from deep in your throat tight adjective a tight voice or expression shows that you are nervous or annoyed toneless adjective a toneless voice does not express any emotion tremulous adjective if something such as your voice or smile is tremulous, it is not steady, for example because you are afraid or excited wheezy adjective a wheezy noise sounds as if it is made by someone who has difficulty breathing obbly adjective if your voice is wobbly, it goes up and down, usually because you are frightened, not confident, or are going to cry booming adjective gratingly adverb hoarsely adverb huskily adverb monotonously adverb quavering adjective raucously adverb stridently adverb tonelessly adverb tremulously adverb a voice like a foghorn a very loud voice in an undertone using a quiet voice so that someone cannot hear you someones dulcet tones the sound of someones voice as they speak adenoidal (ad]): if someones voice is adenoidal, some of the sound seems to come through their nose ppealing (ad]): an appealing look/voice shows that you want help, approval, or agreement breathy (ad]): with loud breathing noises brittle (ad]): if you speak in a brittle voice, you sound as if you are about to cry croaky (ad]): if someones voice sounds croaky, they speak in a low, rough voice that sounds as if they have a sore throat dead (ad]): if someones eyes or voice are dead, they feel or show no emotion disembodied (ad]): a disembodied voice comes from someone who you cannot see flat (ad]): spoken in a voice that does not go up and down; this word is often used for escribing the speech of people from a particular region fruity (ad]): a fruity voice or laugh is deep and strong in a pleasant way grating (ad]): a grating voice, laugh, or sound is unpleasant and annoying gruff (ad]): this voice has a rough, low sound guttural (ad]): a guttural sound is deep and made at the back of your throat high-pitched (ad]): true to its name, a high-pitched voice or sound is very high hoarse (ad]): someone who is hoarse, or has a hoarse voice, speaks in a low, rough voice, usually because their throat is sore honeyed (ad]): honeyed words or a honeyed voice sound very nice, but you cannot rust the person who is speaking husky (ad]): a husky voice is deep and sounds hoarse (as if you have a sore throat), often in an attractive way low (ad]): a low voice is quiet and difficult to hear; also used for describing a deep voice that has a long wavelength matter-of-fact (ad]): usually used if the person speaking knows what they are talking about (or absolutely think they know what they are talking about) modulated (ad]): a modulated voice is controlled and pleasant to listen to monotonous (ad]): this kind of voice is boring and unpleasant due to the fact that it does not change in loudness or become higher/lower asal (ad]): someone with a nasal voice sounds as if they are speaking through their nose orotund (ad]): an orotund voice is loud and clear penetrating (ad]): a penetrating voice is so high or loud that it makes you slightly plummy (ad]): a plummy voice or way of speaking is considered to be typical of an English person of a high social class; this word shows that you dislike people who speak like this quietly (ad]): in a soft, quiet voice raucous (ad]): a raucous voice or noise is loud and sounds rough ringing (ad]): a ringing voice is very loud and clear shrill (ad]): a shrill voice is very loud, high, and unpleasant ilvery (ad]): this voice is clear, light, and pleasant singsong (ad]): if you speak in a singsong voice, your voice rises and falls in a musical way small (ad]): a small voice is quiet smoky (ad]): a smoky voice is sexually attractive in a slightly mysterious way softly spoken (ad]): someone who is softly spoken has a quiet, gentle voice soft-spoken (ad]): speaking or said in a quiet, gentle voice sotto voce (ad], adv): in a very quiet voice stentorian (ad]): a stentorian voice sounds very loud and severe strangled (ad]): a strangled sound is one that someone stops before they finish aking it strident (ad]): this voice is loud and unpleasant taut (ad]): used about something such as a voice that shows someone is nervous or angry thick (ad]): if your voice is thick with an emotion, it sounds less clear than usual because of the emotion thickly (adv): with a low voice that comes mostly from your throat thin (ad]): a thin voice or sound is high and unpleasant to listen to throaty (ad]): a throaty sound is low and seems to come from deep in your throat tight (ad]): shows that you are nervous or annoyed toneless (ad]): does not express any emotion remulous (ad]): if your voice is tremulous, it is not steady; for example, because you are afraid or excited breathing wobbly (ad]): if your voice is wobbly, it goes up and down, usually because you are frightened, not confident, or are going to cry booming (ad]): very loud and attention-getting quavering (adv): if your voice quavers, it is not steady because you are feeling nervous or afraid a voice like a foghorn: very loud voice in an undertone: using a quiet voice so that someone cannot hear you someones dulcet tones: the sound of someones voice as they speak some notes i collected to describe voices.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries

Whats the Most Stolen Book from Libraries It may not come as a huge surprise that the book thats most stolen from public libraries is The Guinness Book of World Records. The books popularity is irrefutable. It serves as a form of trivia, entertainment and to settle arguments over any kind of fact, whether its whos the fastest runner, which is the biggest city or the most populous country. Whatever you can imagine, the Guinness Book has it all. The Idea Is Born The concept of creating such a book took place 60 years ago when Englishman Sir Hugh Beaver, Director of the Guinness Brewery that brews the famous Guinness Beer, attended a shooting party. An argument occurred over which European game bird was the fastest. There was no record or reference book that could settle the argument. The First Edition Sir Hugh, with the assistance of twins Norris and Ross McWhirter who ran a fact-finding industry in London, founded the company Guinness Superlatives. The twins research formed the first Guinness Book of Records which was released in the UK in 1955 and became a bestseller in its first edition. The following year, it was released in the United States and also became an immediate bestseller. International Acknowledgment Since its first publishing, the book has gone on to worldwide success. Today, its published in 31 languages including Mandarin, Icelandic and Arabic. Its also expanded into the entertainment industry, with several television programs in different countries including the United States, Portugal, China, Turkey, Italy and Germany, among others. The shows have all been highly successful and often feature live performances by record holders. The first Guinness Book of Records show was launched in the UK where the books original researchers Norris and Ross McWhirter answered questions posed by children in the audience. The twins were known to have encyclopedic memories and were able to recall even the most obscure facts on the spot. Today, there are several Guinness World Records museums in cities like Hollywood, Tokyo, Copenhagen and San Antonio. The franchise sells interactive DVDs and a video game for Nintendo Wii. There is even a Guinness World Records Day founded in 2005. The book itself has been cited as holding world records. In 1999, it set the record of being the largest single print run of a case-bound book in color with 2,402,000 copies printed. In 1995, the company earned a visit to the London office by Queen Elizabeth II on its 50th anniversary. In 2006, Michael Jackson visited the New York Office where he received a special award for his record breaking album Thriller. Types of Records The type of records in the book can be as varied as you can imagine. The man holding the record for most tattooed human is Lucky Diamond Rich, who set the record in 2006 with 100% of his body covered in tattoos including his tongue, the rims of his eyes, inside of his ears and his â€Å"delicate† areas. In 2009, Ashrita Furman of Queens, New York, won the record for being the â€Å"Person with the most records† with 100 confirmed records. Over the years, some decisions were made to eliminate certain records from the book in order to promote public safety. Eating and drinking records, as well as sword-swallowing records were taken out in order to avoid potential legal suits for publishing facts that promote hazardous behavior. Proving a record is no easy feat and Guinness teams are responsible for analyzing claims in order to ensure their veracity. Claims are made through written applications that take 4-6 weeks to process. A quicker response can be gained by paying a fee of $450. With such a rich and entertaining history, its no wonder that the book also holds the record for being the most stolen book from public libraries.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Johannes Gutenberg, Inventor of the Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg, Inventor of the Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398–February 3, 1468) was the inventor of a movable-type printing press, based on a Rhenish wine press and using ink that clung to the metal type and produced color fonts. His technological innovations, which included punch-cutting, matrix-fitting, type-casting, composing, and printing, was used nearly unchanged for three centuries after his death.   Fast Facts: Johannes Gutenberg Known For: Invention of several technologies surrounding the printing pressBorn: c. 1394–1404 in Mainz, GermanyParents: Friele Gensfleisch and Else WirichDied: February 3, 1468 in Mainz, GermanyEducation: Apprentice to a goldsmith, possibly enrolled at the University of ErfurtPublished Works: 42-Line Bible (The Gutenberg Bible), a Book of Psalter, and the  Sibyls ProphecySpouse(s): None knownChildren: None known Early Life Johannes Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg was born between 1394 and 1404 in Mainz, in what is today Germany. An official birthday of June 24, 1400, was chosen at the time of a 500th Anniversary Festival held in Mainz in 1900, but that is symbolic. What information about his early life is limited to court documents- and sources are limited in usefulness because his surname, like many people of the time, was a reference to the building or property he lived in, and so changed according to his residence.  As a young child and adult, he lived in the Gutenberg house in Mainz. Johannes was the second of three children of Friele Gensfleisch and Else Wirich. Else Wirich was the daughter of a shopkeeper, whose family had once been of the noble classes. Friele Gensfleisch was a member of the aristocracy and worked in the ecclesiastical mint, the place that supplied gold and other metals for coins, minted the coins, changed the species of coins when needed, and testified in forgery cases. Education Johannes worked with his father in the mint, which is where he learned and may have been a goldsmiths apprentice. As a young man, he may have also worked in the clothing trade in Mainz until 1411, when a craftsmans revolt against the noble classes occurred, and Johann and his family were forced to flee Mainz. They may have gone to Eltville am Rhein, where his mother had an inherited estate. In 1418, a student named Johannes de Altavilla enrolled at the University of Erfurt- Altavilla is the Latin form of Eltville am Rhein.  By 1434, they were in Strasbourg. Wherever he was educated, Johannes learned reading and writing in German and Latin, the language of scholars and churchmen. Books have been around for nearly 3,000 years, but until Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the mid-1400s they were rare and hard to produce. Text and illustrations were done by hand, a very time-consuming process, and only the wealthy and educated could afford them. But within a few decades of Gutenbergs innovation, printing presses were operating in England, France, Germany, Holland, Spain, and elsewhere. More presses meant more (and cheaper) books, allowing literacy to flourish across Europe.   Books Before Gutenberg British Library / Wikimedia Commons / CC0 Although historians cant pinpoint when the first book was created, the oldest known book in existence was printed in China in 868 CE. Called The Diamond Sutra, it was a copy of a sacred Buddhist text, in a 17-foot-long scroll printed with wooden blocks. It was commissioned by a man named  Wang Jie to honor his parents, according to an inscription on the scroll, though little else is known about who Wang was or who created the scroll. Today, it is in the collection of the British Museum in London. By 932 CE, Chinese printers regularly were using carved wooden blocks to print scrolls. But these wooden blocks wore out quickly, and a new block had to be carved for each character, word, or image that was used. The next revolution in printing occurred in 1041 when Chinese printers began using movable type, individual characters made of clay that could be chained together to form words and sentences. Printing Comes to Europe By the early 1400s, European metalsmiths also had adopted wood-block printing and engraving. One of those metalsmiths was Johannes Gutenberg, who began experimenting with printing work during his exile in Strasbourg- at the time, there were metalsmiths in Avignon, Bruges, and Bologna who were also experimenting with presses. By 1438, Gutenberg had begun experimenting with printing techniques using metal movable type and had secured funding from a wealthy businessman named  Andreas Dritzehn; between 1444 and 1448 he returned to Mainz. An illustration of Gutenbergs printing press. ilbusca / Getty Images It is unclear when Gutenberg began publishing with his metal type, but by 1450 he had made sufficient progress to seek additional funds from another investor,  Johannes Fust. Using a modified wine press, Gutenberg  created his printing press. The ink was rolled over the raised surfaces of movable handset block letters held within a wooden form, and the form was then pressed against a sheet of paper. Gutenbergs Bible A copy of Gutenbergs Bible. NYC Wanderer / Kevin Eng / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.0 By 1452, Gutenberg entered into a business partnership with Fust in order to continue funding his printing experiments. Gutenberg continued to refine his printing process and by 1455 had printed several copies of the Bible. Consisting of three volumes of text in Latin, Gutenbergs Bibles had 42 lines of type per page with color illustrations. But Gutenberg didnt enjoy his innovation for long. Fust sued him for repayment, something Gutenberg was unable to do, and Fust seized the press as collateral. The bulk of Gutenbergs presses and types went to Peter Schà ¶ffer of Gernsheim, an employee and later son-in-law of Fust.  Fust continued printing the Bibles, eventually publishing about 200 copies, of which only 22 exist today. In addition to the 42-Line Bible, Gutenberg is credited by some historians with a Book of Psalter, published by Fust and Schà ¶ffer but using fonts and innovative techniques generally attributed to Gutenberg. The oldest surviving manuscript from the early Gutenburg press is that of a fragment of the poem The Sibyls Prophecy, the German text of which was made using Gutenbergs earliest typeface between 1452–1453. The page, which includes a planetary table for astrologers, was found in the late 19th century and donated to the Gutenberg museum in 1903. Legacy and Death Few details are known about Gutenbergs life after the lawsuit. According to some historians, Gutenberg continued to work with Fust, while other scholars say Fust drove Gutenberg out of business. After 1460, he seems to have abandoned printing entirely, perhaps as a result of blindness. He survived on a pension from the archbishop of Mainz known as a Hoffman, a gentleman of the court. Gutenberg died on February 3, 1468, and was buried in a Franciscan church in Eltville, Germany that was torn down in 1742. Sources Daley, Jason. Five Things to Know About the Diamond Sutra, the World’s Oldest Dated Printed Book. Smithsonian Magazine. 11 May 2016.Garner, April, project coordinator.  Teaching Gutenberg. Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin. Accessed 6 March 2018.Green, Jonathan. Printing and Prophecy: Prognostication and Media Change 1450–1550. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012.Kapr, Albert. Johann Gutenberg: The Man and his Invention. Trans. Martin, Douglas. Scolar Press, 1996.Man, John. The Gutenberg Revolution: How Printing Changed the Course of History. London: Bantam Books, 2009.  Steinberg, S. H. Five Hundred Years of Printing. New York: Dover Publications, 2017.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Continuation of Design principles 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Continuation of Design principles 3 - Essay Example The detailed architectural model is used to achieve the level of security in the system, the performance of the system as well as the effectiveness and efficiency (Coulouris, Dooimore, and Kindberg, 2001). There are three (3) forms of the system architecture include: the client based, server based and the client-server architecture. As the proposed system for ‘Electronic Credit Checking and Mortgage Approval’ is online, therefore, I have chosen the client server architecture. The client-server architecture for the proposed system that presents the client has to place a request to the web server by utilizing the web browser (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, etc.). The web browser takes the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request, Files Transfer Protocol (FTP), data, etc. to the web server of the Mortgage Company; the web server would interact with the database server for the relevant information. The database server would send a SQL query to the database and the database returns the information against the query. The database server would reply to the web server with the information received from the database. The web server would display the information on the web browser of the client. The web application would be deployed on the web server or application server; the database server would contain the database as shown in the following diagram (Kambalyal, n.d). The system architecture that has been used for deploying the web application is 3-tier architecture that provides higher flexibility; high security can be implemented at each level of the service, and high performance due to sharing of tasks between servers, moreover, it can be extended (scalable) with the requirements of the Mortgage Company (Kioskea, 2012). The client has to use the web browser to access the web application over the internet, in order to provide security the client’s request has to be passed through the firewall deployed